Ketamine

---

Ketamine (Phencyclidine derivative):

Dissociative anaesthesia i.e dissociates thalamus from limbic system.

Metabolized in Liver to Nor-Ketamine (this also has anaesthetic potency)

CVS : 

• Increase HR, BP and Cardiac Output. (Therefore DOC for Hypovolumic shock patients)
• Myocardial O2 demand increases -- therefore avoid in Ishaemic heart disease , Hypertention and aortic aneurysm.

Respiratory system : 

• Minimal effect
• Potent Bronchodialator (therefore agent of choice in Asthma)
• Maintain upper airway reflex (therefore DOC for Full stomach patients)
• increases salivation (thus Anticholinergics are given to reduce this)

CNS :

• Increase cerebral O2 consumption (therefore contraindicated in Space occupying lesion and Head injury)
• Increases ICT
• causes hallucinations (decreased by BZDs)
• causes increase in IntraOccular Pressure (therefore Contraindicated in Glaucoma patients)
• NDMR are potentiated by ketamine.

Strongly analgesic. Therefore - Other uses:

• Field Anaesthesia
• Short surgical procedures
• Burn dressings

---

Blue Colour : USE

Red Colour : NOT

---