Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)

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Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), previously known as retrolental fibroplasia (RLF)

• If 100% O2 given to Preterm.
• Proliferation dilatation and tortuous vessels in Vitreous. 
• 100% babies are blind.

Severe ROP - tractional retinal detachment.

Stages:
I   - Hypoxic demarcation line
II  - Ridge formation
III - Neovascularization
IV - SubTotal Retinal detachment
V - Total RD

In a preterm - protocol to follow -

• Look for peripheral retina (Indirect ophthalmoscopy at regular intervals) - Do Cryosurgery if Vascular proliferation.
• 1st Ophthalmoscopy at 32-34 wks or 4-6wks after birth (preterm baby) , whichever is early.
• Then at every 2wks , till Retina looks like that of term baby.

ROP + (ROP PLUS ) : Posterior retinal vessels are also involved.

Treatment : Cryotherapy , Laser Photocoagulation , Vit. E therapy.
Severe - may require Retinal Reattachment Surgery.

Risk is HIGH with LBW and ELBW ( <1kg birth weight -> 60-70% have ROP)

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