Medical One Liners 441-450

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441. MRI - Gadolinium contrast is used (when needed). In patients with renal failure, it may cause Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis - plaques of skin (firm, indurated and erythematous) with subcutaneous oedema.

442. Air bronchograms can be seen in alveolar pathologies:

• Pneumonia
• Pulmonary edema
• Hyaline membrane disease
• Bronchoalveolar carcinoma

443. Pneumatocele can be seen in

• Staphylococcal and klebsiella pneumonia
• Hydrocarbon poisoning

444. Viral and mycoplasma pneumonia gives interstitial pattern. No alveolar exudates are seen.

445. Hydatid cyst:

• Ultrasound: Cart wheel appearance
• in Lungs it does not calcify
• Chest X-ray: if contained rupture - water lily sign
• Note: Drooping lily sign is seen on IVP in duplex collecting system with upper moiety obstruction

446. Egg in cup:

• calyces: Papillary necrosis
• heart: constrictive pericarditis

447. Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) has high Kupffer cells and takes up technetium 99m sulphur colloid.

448. In Blunt trauma cases:

• Ideal and gold standard investigation: Contrast enhanced CT (CECT)
• If haemodynamically unstable/1st Investigation: FAST (Focused assessment sonography in trauma)

449. Beaded appearance in Renal artery/Internal carotid/External Iliac: Fibromuscular dysplasia

450. Only Veins (hepatic and portal) form basis of division of couinaud segments of the liver.

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